Feeding babies can stress out new moms! They always have questions like, ‘Is my baby hungry?’, ‘How often should I feed him?’ and so on. The best one to answer all these questions is your little one! Yes, do not be surprised! Your little prince lets you know whether he is hungry or content through many cues. Even, infants can regulate their energy intake and send subtle cues.
Instead of calculating the time spent on feeding or the quantity fed, feed your baby when he is hungry. Pay attention to your baby’s behavior and his simple cues. Wondering how to identify those signals? Read our post at MomJunction to learn about typical baby hunger cues.
Most parents think that crying is a hunger signal. But it is a late hunger cue. The baby shows many more cues early on. If you can pick those early hunger cues (1), it will be easier for you to feed the little one.
Calm down the crying baby before feeding. Offer skin-to-skin contact, wear him or allow him to snuggle up to your breasts.
Relying on cry to feed a baby can cause feeding problems, besides stressing him as well as you.
In her book Sleeping Like A Baby, International Board Certified lactation consultant Pinky McKay says, “Notice where your baby’s tongue is when she is yelling — a baby can’t latch on to feed when her tongue is up against the roof of her mouth, and if you do manage to calm her enough to latch on and feed, her suck is likely to be disorganized, or she may be exhausted from crying and only take a small feed before falling asleep. This, of course, means that she will probably sleep for a very short time then wake for another feed as her tiny tummy quickly empties.”
APPROXIMATE AGE | HUNGER CUES |
---|---|
Birth through 5 months |
|
5 months through 6 months |
|
5 months through 9 months |
|
8 months through 11 months |
|
10 months through 12 months |
|
Instead of feeding your child randomly based on time gaps, it is always good to look for the cues he gives. It will benefit you in more than one of these ways:
Once your baby is full and satisfied, he sends signs that it is done. Fullness cues include: closing lips, turning the head away from the food source, stopping or slowing down sucking (if the baby is breastfeeding), falling asleep, looking calm and relaxed, and spits out the nipple or food. A baby older than four months may start looking around and seems distracted.
Moms, try to figure out the subtle hunger cues of your little angels and ensure they are well-fed and content. It is equally important to understand fullness cues too. If the cues from the babies are neglected, they are likely to get confused about their hunger and fullness. It may lead to preferences for unhealthy diet and further, childhood obesity.
Do not worry if you miss the cues at times. It is unavoidable! Remember, each baby is different and has different ways of letting their mothers know what they want. As you get to know your little bundle of joy more, you can recognize the unique hunger cues better! Skin-to-skin contact helps you learn your baby’s feeding cues quickly.
Hand sucking need not always be a hunger cue once the baby crosses the newborn period. From around six to eight weeks, an infant begins to explore things through his hands and mouth. He gradually gets more control over his hands. Sucking on hands is also common in babies before or during teething.
If you suspect one, yet not sure about your baby’s hunger, offer him a feed. It can help both you and your baby in more than one ways:
If your baby has regularly been nursing, yet seems fussy, check for other problems like discomfort from gas or tummy ache, etc.
It is normal for babies to have feeds between short time gaps. It is called cluster feeding that is more common during the afternoon or late evening.
Babies also tend to feed more during growth spurts, which last for two to three days. Growth spurt happens at around two to three weeks, six weeks, three months and six months.
Babies are very sleepy during early days of birth. If the little one is less than four weeks old, wake him once every four hours during nights and once every two hours during the day to nurse. Practice this as long as he is gaining good weight, showing normal parameters, pooping, and peeing.
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Article written by Sumana Maheswari
Stimulation and interaction are essential for the overall development of babies. It is necessary to talk and play with your little one often, as sensory experiences play a crucial role in the baby’s overall development, by building connections between learning and brain cells. Overdoing it, however, is not beneficial as it may disturb the baby’s sleep besides hampering the emotional engagement. It is essential to identify when the baby reaches his limit and feels over-stimulated.
Toronto’s Hospital for Sick Children, Infant Mental Health Promotion director Chaya Kulkarni says, an occasional misreading of baby’s cues of overstimulation is inevitable and not a concern. But, “there’s always the chance that if the parent repeatedly doesn’t respond — if you continue trying to play the game or ignore his distress — the baby will zone out, withdraw, or mentally retreat,” she adds.
Overstimulation is a condition where your baby has had an overload of experiences. Babies may get over-stimulated due to a lot of activity, noise, and sensation, as they cannot process it all. They need some time to calm down. An overstimulated baby ends up crying, and dramatic meltdowns are observed.
Let us check for the primary culprits of overstimulation. Anything too much is too bad. Your little one may get overstimulated if he is exposed to too long activity; spends a long time with friends or relatives; is exposed to loud sounds, busy sights, pungent smells, or technology; or if his routine gets disturbed. It also depends on the temperament of the little one. Some babies are easy-going, while some are easily overwhelmed. An activity or environment can be entertaining for some babies, but overwhelming for others. Duration and intensity of an activity can also contribute to overstimulation.
Newborns may get stimulated even faster as they do not have matured nervous systems to regulate many things that are flooding into it. Even the simplest of acts like feeding, handling, talking, and making an eye contact can overwhelm a neonate. Every simple thing is incomprehensible and new for the infant as all of them are different from what the baby experienced in the mother’s womb. You will have to wait for many months for your baby’s system to mature enough to regulate things.
Now that we know a few causes for overstimulation, it is important to look out for signs to stop your little one from getting overstimulated.
The baby sends signs of overstimulation (SOS) and you will have to understand them to avoid it. SOS can be classified into two types like Body SOS and Behavioral SOS.
Body SOS: An overstimulated baby may show body SOS like:
Behavioral SOS: The Behavioral SOS include:
Pay attention to his responses and if you observe any of these SOS, decrease stimulation and increase support. Low down the tone and speak slowly. Simply holding the baby for few minutes should do the trick. You may try swaddling the baby, encourage him to suck, or simply sway the little one. All babies can get overstimulated now and then, but preterm babies or the ones with physical challenges frequently send SOS.
Studies indicate that baby overstimulation leads to behavioral differences and deficits in cognitive performance. So it is better to avoid it and is not that difficult. The key lies in aiming at the right balance. It can be achieved by following guidelines.
1. Keep an eye on early warning signs
Responding to the early warning signs from your baby is essential to avoid a crying and stressed out baby. Too much fun can cause overstimulation irrespective of the time of the day, and the baby may need a break. Figure out the signs and respond.
2. Time it well
Remember that timing means everything! Figure out the best time for your baby to be alert, content, and interested in socializing and plan accordingly. Most kids are happiest in the mornings and after afternoon naps. Check out the suitable time for your baby and go ahead with the activity or outing.
3. Preparation is the key
Plan your outings or gatherings well, so that the baby do not get overwhelmed. Take snacks, extra clothing, favorite toys, light blankets, and other essentials, if you are moving out with your baby. Head to a quiet place if your baby is sensitive to crowds. Know your baby cues and share them with other family members handling the baby.
4. Take breaks
Plan well and ensure that your little one is prepared for the fun. He should have some time in the middle to communicate with you if he wants to. If you notice that your baby is too excited or tired, have little quite time with him during breaks. Ensure that your baby is ready and shows engagement clues before finishing the break. These breaks are useful in avoiding overstimulation.
5. Say ‘No’ to technology
Say ‘No’ to iPad and baby apps that are too stimulating. Doctors do not recommend screen time for babies. Stick to basics, like a pot and spoon.
If your little one has reached the limit, hold him close to you and soothe to reassure him calmly. A few babies may not like to be touched or picked if the situation is very stimulating. In such cases, take the baby to a quite place, dim the lights, and minimize the activity. Swaddle him or talk gently. Offer him a feed or pacifier. He will settle down in some time.
Get back to his schedule. See to it that he sleeps, feeds, and plays. This consistency works wonders in babies. Stick to schedules to make him feel secure, loved, and attached.
Above all, the best thing you can do is to trust your instinct. You are the best person to judge what is too much for your baby and what is needed to calm him down.
While it may seem like you have to put a lot of effort and spend a lot of time in guessing and avoiding overstimulation in your baby, it can be helpful in many ways.
A. When the baby is overstimulated, he may get too tired as he is awake for a longer time, which makes him cry as he struggles to relax.
A. Yes, babies can overcome overstimulation as they grow. When the baby learns to crawl and move around, he can create his own change in stimulation. Until then, you have to help him by frequently carrying him with you. If you keep your little one down, ensure that you provide objects within reach, good music, or colorful things to look at.
While the basic temperament remains consistent in babies, the reactions may change over time. As the baby grows, he develops the skill to deal with things and becomes social. An activity that is overwhelming for a nine-month baby may turn his favorite after a few months.
A. Yes, under stimulation occurs when the environment is familiar and boring for the baby. It is a situation where the baby may be intellectually starved and may be stressed as a result of it. This could be a result of the lack of new toys or experiences. Follow your baby’s own cues to find out if he is crying due to under stimulation or overstimulation.
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This post was originally posted on MomJunction
Image credit: Healthhub
We parents want to do everything possible in our abilities to ensure that our kids are healthy and protected from preventable diseases – and vaccination is the best way to do that.
Vaccination in Singapore can be confusing for new parents with the different doses to be taken at certain milestones of your baby’s life and the million different types of vaccines available, will probably freak you out even further.
Knowing that certain vaccinations are free at polyclinics can also help you reduce your childcare expenses.
Let us help you break down the timeline, costs and doses in a more comprehensive and layman way.
First, let us look at the vaccinations that are compulsory in Singapore:
1. Hepatitis B – 3 doses
2. Mumps, measles, rubella (MMR) – 2 doses
3. Pneumococcal – 3 doses
4. Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus (DPT) – 4 doses
5. Polio (or Oral Sabin) – 4 doses
All those mentioned above are compulsory for your child before they enrol into Primary School.
Other than the compulsory vaccines, there are some common optional vaccines that you might want to consider as well:
1. Rotavirus – 2 doses
2. Hepatitis A – 2 doses
3. Chickenpox – 1 dose
Difference between 5-in-1 and 6-in-1
5-in-1: Combines #4, #5 and Haemophilia Influenza Type B
6-in-1: Everything in 5-in-1 and Hepatitis B
All babies given birth in Singapore will already be given 1 dose of Hep B at birth.
Costs of vaccinations: Polyclinic vs Private Clinics
Screen shot below was taken from National Healthcare Group Polyclinic that is accurate as of October 2017.
As you can see from the table above, 5-in-1 and Hepatitis B in polyclinics are FREE for Singapore Citizens!
So why do some parents still choose to go to private clinics? Perhaps they do not want to put their baby through the injection twice. Getting the vaccine done at Polyclinics means you will have to head back twice for the 5-in-1 AND Hep B.
Below are 2 examples for a better cost comparison. The costs include all compulsory and optional vaccines.
Option 1: Polyclinic
Hep B: FREE
5-in-1: FREE
Pneumococcal: $150 x 3
MMR: FREE
Chickenpox: $72
Rotavirus: $95 x 2
Hep A: $66 x 2
TOTAL: $834
Option 2: Private Clinic
Note that we used the prices from the polyclinic. The costs at your chosen clinic might be different and some clinics charge for consultation and practice fee.
6-in-1: $120 x 2
5-in-1: $105 x 2
Pneumococcal: $150 x 3
MMR: $40 x 2
Chickenpox: $72
Rotavirus: $95 x 2
Hep A: $66 x 2
TOTAL $1,374
So, it is definitely more cost-effective to get your vaccinations done at the Polyclinic. Although, it is common for some parents to get the 6-in-1 vaccines done in private clinics and the remaining vaccines at Polyclinics.
You will also be happy to know that certain payable vaccines done at Polyclinics are MediSave deductible. Meaning, your routine vaccination trip to the polyclinic might actually cost you $0!
Continue to page 2 for the vaccination timeline...
Timeline for baby vaccinations
If you choose the Polyclinic, you need to bring your baby in at 1 month for the Hep B jab. However, if you choose the 6-in-1 route at private clinics, you will only need to schedule one at 2 months.
Subsequently, the clinics will schedule your vaccination appointments for you – so don’t worry too much about keeping track of it all.
Timeline for Polyclinic option
|
No. of doses |
At birth |
1 mth |
3 mths |
4 mths |
5 mths |
6 mths |
12 mths |
15 mths |
18 mths |
Hep B |
3 |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
√ |
|
|
|
MMR |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
√ |
√ |
|
Pneumococcal |
3 |
|
|
√ |
|
√ |
|
√ |
|
|
5-in-1 |
4 |
|
|
√ |
√ |
√ |
|
|
|
√ |
Timeline for Private Clinic option
|
No. of doses |
At birth |
2 mths |
3 mths |
4 mths |
5 mths |
6 mths |
12 mths |
15 mths |
18 mths |
Hep B |
1 |
√ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MMR |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
√ |
√ |
|
Pneumococcal |
3 |
|
|
√ |
|
√ |
|
√ |
|
|
6-in-1 |
2 |
|
√ |
|
|
|
√ |
|
|
|
5-in-1 |
2 |
|
|
|
√ |
|
|
|
|
√ |
Note: This is just a sample schedule for reference. Some vaccines can be taken on the same visit. Your doctor or nurse will advise you accordingly.
So, Polyclinic or Private Clinic?
|
Pros |
Cons |
Polyclinic |
|
|
Private Clinic |
|
|
Hope this gives you a better idea of your baby’s vaccinations!
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Image credit: Zee Schoolhouse
It’s the weekend, your little one is sound asleep, there’s an open baby bag in front of you, baby’s essentials are strewn all over your bed – you’re wondering what to pack for their first day at infant care and it’s starting to freak you out. What if you forget something?! What if there are too many things?! What if…
Okay firstly, take a deep breath. Breathe in, hold it there for a second or two, and then let it out…
Secondly, get these items prepared:
Because you’ll need a bunch of them to help you stay organised!
Here’s a list of items that you should pack for baby:
Milk, Bottles, and Food
If you happened to notice, labelling your child’s items with their name is a reoccurring theme!
Diapers and Clothes
Other Important Items
More Tips
LABEL EVERYTHING. This can’t be stressed enough. Labels are mainly for hygienic purposes and safekeeping. Things will go missing, but labelling them will help you out a bit! On the topic of things going missing, try not to hand over things that are hard to replace, expensive, and easily broken.
The clothes that you send will definitely get dirty and stained, so only use ones that you can live with being stained, or are alright with throwing away. For consumable items like diapers, food, wet wipes, etc., take note of how much is left and when you’ll need to replenish them by.
One more thing to take note of is that every infant care centre will have their own checklist of items so please do enquire with them about that list when you’re looking to sign up with them. The items that we’ve listed above are generally what are required to be packed in your bag. It’s always better to be prepared in advance!
We hope your child’s infant care experience will be a good one!
Pregnancy and Baby Singapore provides you with the latest news and practical tips to help you in your parenting journey. For more tips on your pregnancy and baby in Singapore, subscribe to our mailing list and like us on Facebook, to receive new articles for mummies like you every week!
Image credit: Pognae Singapore
The most important thing to consider when packing for your bub winter trip is clothing!
For your trip to be as stress-free as possible, ensure that baby is always well geared, covered, and toasty. The alternative would be for them to be cold and unhappy – and that’s definitely no fun for anyone.
Here’s a quick checklist on baby’s winter essentials:
Clothes
Toiletries
Other Items
Tips for snugly wrapping up baby
Keeping ourselves nice and warm is of utmost importance when we’re in winter, and even more-so for our babies. Our little bundles of giggling and puking joy lose heat a lot faster than us adults, so a good rule to follow is to add on one more layer than what we’re wearing in the same weather (the #1 rule for layers).
The great outdoors
For example, if we’re wearing a t-shirt, a long-sleeved shirt, and a winter jacket, baby should be wearing all those plus a woolly jacket.
Areas that lose heat fastest are: head, hands, and feet. So give them a snug beanie for their head, some cute mittens for their hands, and warm boots for their feet.
If you’re planning to use a stroller, attaching a windscreen on it will shield baby from the chilly winds – but if the wind is way too strong, don’t even take them out for walks.
Watch for signs of hypothermia in baby – they may look healthy but their skin will be cold to the touch, they’ll be unusually quiet, their lips might be bluish, and they’re shivering. If you notice these signs, please do get somewhere warm quickly.
Going indoors
The #1 rule for layers also works indoors, and is especially important as you’ll want to keep them warm but not too warm as overheating is dangerous for them.
Like keeping an eye out for signs of hypothermia outdoors, the same should be done for overheating indoors – baby’s skin should be warm but not sweaty, their hair shouldn’t be damp, their breathing shouldn’t be rapid, and their cheeks shouldn’t be flushed.
When putting them to sleep, keep to the same conditions as when they’re at home to reduce the risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). Use a sleep sack instead of a blankie (unless they’re still alright with being swaddled) and ensure that their sleeping area is clear of loose bedding or items.
Related article: Check-List For Baby's Carry-On Items
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Mustela, the baby skincare expert, has developed a diagnostic tool to help you find out. The right baby skincare is not one single range or product that fits all skin types.
Each skin type deserves its own special care.
Answer these questions to determine your baby's skin type and learn more about which products will best suit them!
Related article: 7 Common Baby Skin Rash: Causes And Treatments
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Overtiredness is a condition in between tiredness and exhaustion. It is a state of physical fatigue that activates the stress-response system.
An overtired baby is too tired to sleep and gets fussy. Even if she manages to fall asleep, she would wake up soon after and struggle to go back to sleep. The more the baby gets tired, the harder it is to put her to sleep, as she cannot control or express herself. To put it simple, an overtired baby just won’t sleep.
Can a little baby, who seemingly has little activity through the day, get really overtired? Yes, she can and it is interesting to know what makes her so tired.
Why Do Babies Get Overtired?
The most common cause for overtiredness is sleep deprivation. Your little one learns several things during the day time. To process all of them, she needs regular naps. That is why babies have short awake hours, which extend with age. For example:
As your baby gets closer to finishing her awake time, she turns drowsy and is all set for a nap. This is the right time for you to settle down your little one, as she can fall asleep with ease.
But what if you do not put her to sleep at the right time? Well, she will have to produce more of cortisol and adrenaline hormones to stay awake. Now, this is stress! The cortisol and adrenaline hormones flood into the bloodstream, making it difficult for the little one to relax.
Note: Crying it out is not helpful for babies and could be stressful.
Signs Of An Overtired Baby
Why do babies cry when they are tired? Your baby could cry as the last resort after trying to communicate with you in several other ways. If you are asking, “In what way does she communicate with me?” then read on.
Understanding your baby’s cues will help your baby sleep. You need not have to deal with a grumpy baby. Doesn’t it sound great! Here are a few common and early cues of tiredness in babies:
Facial expressions: If your baby’s expression changes from happy to grumpy, she is getting tired gradually.
Rubbing eyes, hair and ears: These are among the most common signs of tiredness among babies and are commonly mistaken for teething.
Yawning: This is one sign you cannot miss! When your baby is yawning, wrap up whatever you are doing and put her to sleep.
Avoiding eye contact: A tired baby tends to avoid looking at you directly. She may even stare blankly into space.
Stiffening the body: Your baby may have rigid or tense hands and legs. She may keep her fists clenched.
Losing interest: If your baby suddenly loses interest in her favorite toy or food, it may be due to tiredness.
Difficulty in latching: Overtired newborns have difficulty in latching or cry at the breast. Older babies may throw food, toys or things that are there in their hands. Some babies may even hit or smack.
Self-soothing: If you ignore the early signals, the tired baby sends self-soothing signals like sucking the thumb, searching for a dummy and so on.
Autonomic signals: After a while, your baby may exhibit autonomic signals, which happen without her conscious control. They include:
If you miss all these signals the probable outcome is a fussy and crying baby. All these are late signs of an overtired baby. At this stage, a tired newborn cries without any apparent reason, pulls up legs in pain, and arches her back. An older baby puts up miserable behavior, rejects food, fights sleep, screams, and cries.
All these are signs of ‘Flight, Fright and Fight’ that are the classic response to stress hormones. A fussy baby means you surely have missed the bus!
Note: Sometimes, parents may not be able to differentiate between overtiredness of the baby and reflux and colic. Understanding the actual reason is important. Seek a doctor’s advice, if required.
What if you overlook these tiredness cues? You may have to deal with full out meltdowns, which could be a nightmare. Make efforts to calm down the exhausted baby.
Continue reading on Page 2 on how tips on how to prevent overtiredness...
How To Calm A Crying Baby
Some babies are ready to sleep at the first signs of tiredness. But some need to be very tired before they fall asleep. You’ll know the difference as your baby grows.
Here’s what you can do when you see tired signs in your baby:
To calm down an older baby:
When a baby is tired, she may wake up soon after she falls asleep. So be ready to soothe her back to sleep.
Behaviour Of A Baby Constantly Tired
If your baby is getting overtired frequently, she displays a different behavior. It is essential to figure it out and take necessary measures. Such a baby may:
Overlooking these behaviors could hamper the overall development of the baby. It is essential to prevent overtiredness by giving her enough naps. Keep reading to learn several ways to achieve this.
5 Tips To Prevent Tiredness In Babies
Keeping an eye on your little one and her activities would help her from getting tired frequently. These tips would be beneficial.
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One thing we love to do as Singaporeans (aside from eating good food) is to go on holidays (even better when we do both at the same time)! And what do we need to travel? A passport!
We all know how to renew our own passports, but how do we get a new one for baby?
It’s actually a lot easier than you think! Here’re some details which will be helpful for you when you’re getting a passport for baby:
Items that you’ll need when applying:
If you plan to send it via mail, here’s what you need to do.
If you plan to do it online via their APPLES webpage, you’ll need soft copies of your documents.
You’ll be informed through post once baby’s passport is ready for collection, and will need to head down to the ICA in person (with baby) to collect!
Items you’ll need when collecting:
After collecting baby’s passport, it’s time to travel! Prepare for your holiday by learning more about what to bring for baby’s carry-on luggage and 5 baby friendly airlines in Singapore!
Taking Baby’s Passport Photo
As parents, we’re definitely used to taking photos of our kids, but doing a passport photo for them is a whole different game. They’re easily distracted, and might not be able to sit still for a long enough period of time for you to get a proper shot!
If you want to DIY, here are some tips to help you capture a cute (but boring) photo of baby that’ll pass the ICA’s requirements for passport photos:
If all else fails and you’re not able to get a good shot of baby for their passport photo, you could always approach the professional photographers at ICA to help you out!
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When your little one has a dirty diaper, all you care about is getting her out of it as quickly as possible. But throw in a squirmy baby and the task just got 10 times more challenging.
To avoid the mess and frustrations, we have 5 useful tips for you to try out!
1. Make it a time to exercise!
If you have a crawler on hand, it is highly likely she will attempt to flip and crawl off the moment you place her on her back. The few minutes it takes to stop and get her changed will feel like eternity to her. So, keep her busy by letting her move on the changing mat! Try some baby yoga poses like bringing a knew up to her chest and slowly moving it around or gently pulling her arms across her body, all these while narrating to her and cleaning her at the same time.
2. Use pictures to distract
Put up pictures of animals or flash cards on the walls around the changing area. Point to them and make the animal sounds while changing her. Encourage her answers, even if they’re just coos and gurgles. Best bit, you’re educating her at the same time!
3. Make a bunch of silly sounds
By 3 to 4 months old, your little one can laugh up a storm. So bring on the silly noises! If oinking and mooing doesn’t get her going, try a simple ‘uh-oh!’ or beeping sounds or singing ‘pop! Goes the weasel’ might help.
4. Distract with toys
Have a distraction toy around during the change. A kid-safe mirror is a perfect distraction toy – babies love mirrors! Any toy with noises are great too. I recommend having a few different toys on stand-by because they do get bored easily. Also, get a toy that isn’t heavy as they will most likely drop it on their face while playing.
5. Tell a story
Create a diaper changing story for baby! To the young ones, the sound of your voice is soothing and might stop the squirming. Give fun names to the diaper, wipes and diaper cream – include her name in there too! Tell her the story everyday and one day she’ll surprise you with what she remembers once she’s older.
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